Kanamycin Sulfate Injection

【Main components】Kanamycin sulfate
【Appearance】This product is a colorless to light yellow or light yellowish-green clear liquid.

【Pharmacological effects】
Pharmacodynamics: Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with a similar antibacterial spectrum to streptomycin, but slightly stronger. It has a strong antibacterial effect on most Gram-negative bacilli such as Escherichia coli, Proteus, Salmonella, and Pasteurella multocida. It is also relatively sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria (except Staphylococcus aureus), rickettsia, anaerobic bacteria, and fungi are resistant to this product. Similar to streptomycin, sensitive bacteria easily develop resistance to kanamycin. There is cross-resistance with neomycin and unidirectional cross-resistance with streptomycin. Acquired resistance often occurs in Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria.

Pharmacokinetics: Rapidly absorbed after intramuscular injection, reaching peak blood concentration in 0.5-1.5 hours. It is widely distributed in pleural effusion, ascites, and parenchymal organs, but rarely penetrates into saliva, bronchial secretions, and normal cerebrospinal fluid. In meningitis, the drug concentration in cerebrospinal fluid can be increased by about twice. The concentration in bile and feces is very low. It is mainly excreted by glomerular filtration, and 40% to 80% of the injected dose is excreted in the urine in its original form. After a single intramuscular injection of 75 mg/kg in goats, the concentration in urine can reach 8300 μg/ml after 2 hours. A small amount can be excreted in milk. After intramuscular injection, the elimination half-life in horses, buffaloes, cattle, dairy goats, and pigs is 2.1-2.8 hours.

【Drug interactions】

(1) Synergistic effect when used with penicillins or cephalosporins.

(2) The antibacterial effect is enhanced in an alkaline environment. Combined use with alkaline drugs (such as sodium bicarbonate, aminophylline, etc.) can enhance the antibacterial effect, but the toxicity is also correspondingly increased. When the pH exceeds 8.4, the antibacterial effect is weakened.

(3) Combined use with cephalosporins, dextran, potent diuretics (such as furosemide), erythromycin, etc., can enhance the ototoxicity of this product.

(4) Skeletal muscle relaxants (such as succinylcholine chloride) or drugs with this effect can enhance the neuromuscular blocking effect of this class of drugs.

【Actions and uses】Aminoglycoside antibiotics. Used to treat septicemia and urinary tract and respiratory tract infections, also used for swine asthma.

【Dosage and administration】Intramuscular injection: Single dose, 0.1-0.15 ml per 1 kg body weight for livestock. Twice a day for 3-5 consecutive days.

【Adverse reactions】

(1) Like streptomycin, kanamycin has ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and its ototoxicity is stronger than streptomycin and gentamicin.

(2) Neuromuscular blockade is often caused by excessive dosage.

【Precautions】

(1) There is cross-allergenicity with other aminoglycosides. It is contraindicated in animals allergic to aminoglycosides.

(2) Use with caution in patients with dehydration or impaired renal function.

(3) When treating urinary tract infections, oral administration of sodium bicarbonate can enhance the efficacy.

(4) Cations such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, NH₄⁺, and K⁺ can inhibit the antibacterial activity of this product.

(5) In case of acute poisoning, anticholinesterase drugs such as neostigmine and calcium preparations (calcium gluconate) can be used to antagonize its neuromuscular conduction blockade.

【Withdrawal period】28 days for livestock; 7 days for milk withdrawal.

【Specifications】Calculated as C18H36N4O11 100ml:10g (10 million units)

【Packaging】100ml × 90 bottles/box

【Storage】Store in a sealed container.

【Shelf life】Two years